{"id":2800,"date":"2011-03-23T18:47:36","date_gmt":"2011-03-24T00:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=2800"},"modified":"2016-11-25T08:10:01","modified_gmt":"2016-11-25T14:10:01","slug":"a-pygmy-owl-challenge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/2800","title":{"rendered":"A Pygmy-Owl Challenge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Northern Pygmy-Owl is a fascinating bird for those of us interested in vocalizations and taxonomy.\u00a0 Many people think that what we call &#8220;Northern Pygmy-Owl&#8221; may contain somewhere between two and four species, based on regional differences in vocalizations.\u00a0 Here&#8217;s a brief overview of the differences, according to The Sibley Guide to Birds (2000), with a typical spectrogram and sound of each:<\/p>\n<h4>Pacific birds<\/h4>\n<p>According to Sibley, birds along the Pacific Coast of North America &#8220;give very slow single toots (1 note every 2 or more sec).&#8221;\u00a0 The example below is even slower than most; 2.5 seconds between notes seems pretty standard.\u00a0 Although one might expect birds in <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/25653\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/25653\" target=\"_blank\">Montana<\/a> to be part of the Interior West group, the sole recording available seems to fit better in this group.<\/p>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=41301&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:225px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Interior West group<\/h4>\n<p>Very few recordings of this group are available online (or anywhere else) &#8212; just two or three from Colorado [<a title=\"http:\/\/xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=28732\" href=\"http:\/\/xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=28732\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=73505\" href=\"http:\/\/xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=73505\" target=\"_blank\">2<\/a>] and one from <a title=\"http:\/\/blb.biosci.ohio-state.edu\/LongData.asp?RecordingID=25723\" href=\"http:\/\/blb.biosci.ohio-state.edu\/LongData.asp?RecordingID=25723\" target=\"_blank\">Utah<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0 They all seem to give single notes at very regular intervals, just over 1 second apart, totalling about 50 &#8220;toots&#8221; per minute when  they&#8217;re going full-bore.<\/p>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=73505&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:225px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Mexican group (&#8220;Mountain&#8221; Pygmy-Owl)<\/h4>\n<p>Sibley says these birds &#8220;give mainly paired notes more rapidly (about 1 pair every sec).&#8221;\u00a0 Paired and single notes are usually mixed together, as on the recording below, and the paired notes are only slightly closer together than the single ones:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_884\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-884\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-884\" title=\"nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo-300x85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo-300x85.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo.jpg 616w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-884\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&quot;Mountain&quot; Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium gnoma gnoma), Big Bend National Park, TX, 3\/28\/2008.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2800-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo.mp3\">http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/nopo-bigbendnp-tx-3-28-2008-solo.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>However, &#8220;Mountain&#8221; Pygmy-Owls also sometimes forgo the paired notes in favor of a rapid-fire string of single hoots almost identical to the song of the Northern Saw-whet Owl:<\/p>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=9674&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:225px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<h3>What we don&#8217;t know<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2814\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2814\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nechakoriver\/3006363886\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2814 \" title=\"NOPO_photo\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/NOPO_photo1-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/NOPO_photo1-300x198.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/NOPO_photo1.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2814\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">What exactly is this Northern Pygmy-Owl saying?  You could help us find out.  Photo taken 11\/4\/2008 in Mission, BC by NechakoRiver (Creative Commons 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nobody knows exactly where the changes between these songtypes occur, or how abrupt they are, because we just don&#8217;t have enough data.\u00a0 Most recordings of Northern Pygmy-Owl are of the highly vocal Mexican birds.\u00a0 As I mentioned above, very few recordings exist of the Interior West birds.\u00a0 There are none from potential areas of transition, like Idaho, Wyoming, northern Arizona, or New Mexico.<\/p>\n<p>Now, my friend <a title=\"http:\/\/www.appliedbioacoustics.com\/cv.html\" href=\"http:\/\/www.appliedbioacoustics.com\/cv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Arch McCallum<\/a> is setting out to get to the bottom of this tricky situation &#8212; and you can help.<\/p>\n<p>If you have access to Northern Pygmy-owls <em>anywhere in their range<\/em> this spring and summer, please do one of the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Find a singing pygmy-owl.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Get out a stopwatch and count <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">how many &#8220;toots&#8221; the bird makes in one minute<\/span>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Send this information, along with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">location<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">date<\/span>, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">time of day<\/span>, in an email to Arch (mccalluma\u00a0\u00a0 AT \u00a0 appliedbioacoustics.com) or post it in the comments below.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If you wish, you can also make a one-minute audio recording.\u00a0 (Just take a <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/2240\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/2240\" target=\"_blank\">video with your digital camera<\/a>, or get a <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/recording-gear\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/recording-gear\" target=\"_blank\">cheap voice recorder<\/a> if you don&#8217;t already have the means.)\u00a0 Actually, if you wish, you&#8217;re welcome to record (or listen to) the bird for longer than a minute!\u00a0 The more data, the better.<\/p>\n<p>Hope to see a lot of data points roll in this spring!\u00a0 Here&#8217;s to good owling.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many people think that what we call &#8220;Northern Pygmy-Owl&#8221; may contain somewhere between two and four species, based on regional differences in vocalizations. Nobody knows exactly where the changes between these songtypes occur, or how abrupt they are, because we just don&#8217;t have enough data. Now, my friend Arch McCallum is setting out to get to the bottom of this tricky situation &#8212; and you can help.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,16],"tags":[34,202,37,32],"class_list":["post-2800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-id","category-taxonomy","tag-glaucidium-gnoma","tag-glaudicium-californicum","tag-mountain-pygmy-owl","tag-northern-pygmy-owl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2800"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5048,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800\/revisions\/5048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}