{"id":4598,"date":"2013-10-20T11:42:18","date_gmt":"2013-10-20T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=4598"},"modified":"2013-10-20T11:45:03","modified_gmt":"2013-10-20T17:45:03","slug":"the-four-basic-song-patterns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4598","title":{"rendered":"The Four Basic Song Patterns"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the last post, I covered <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4585\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4585\" target=\"_blank\">the five basic pitch patterns<\/a>, introducing some vocabulary to help distinguish between different types of <em>individual notes<\/em>.\u00a0 Today I&#8217;m going to introduce some vocabulary to help distinguish between different types of <em>groups of notes<\/em> &#8212; that is, different types of songs.<\/p>\n<p>The four song patterns are based on <strong>two simple questions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Does the bird ever sing the same thing twice?<\/li>\n<li>Are the notes slow enough to count, or too fast to count?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Together, these two questions delineate four basic patterns: <strong>phrases, series, warbles,<\/strong> and <strong>trills<\/strong>.\u00a0 These four simple patterns, individually and in combination, give us a precise way to describe almost any type of complex bird sound.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/4basicpatterns.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4599\" title=\"4basicpatterns\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/4basicpatterns.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/4basicpatterns.jpg 576w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/4basicpatterns-300x204.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/4basicpatterns-150x102.jpg 150w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/4basicpatterns-400x272.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Phrases<\/strong> are clusters of <em>unique notes<\/em> that are <em>slow enough to count<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Series<\/strong> are clusters of <em>repeated notes<\/em> that are <em>slow enough to count<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Warbles<\/strong> are clusters of <em>unique notes<\/em> that are <em>too fast to count<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trills<\/strong> are clusters of <em>repeated notes<\/em> that are <em>too fast to count<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8220;Too fast to count&#8221; is a somewhat subjective criterion, but as a general rule of thumb, it&#8217;s any speed over about <strong>8 notes per second<\/strong>.\u00a0 Here are some examples of each pattern, so you can practice hearing the differences.<\/p>\n<h4>Phrases<\/h4>\n<p>In these examples, each note is different from the one before, and the notes are slow enough to count.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=13800&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=71862&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=149321&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=62141&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Series<\/h4>\n<p>In these examples, each note is the same as the one before, and the notes are slow enough to count.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=61516&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=10910&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=109308&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=125238&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Warbles<\/h4>\n<p>In these examples, the notes are all different, and too fast to count.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=105676&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=73494&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=109439&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=15162&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Trills<\/h4>\n<p>In these examples, the notes are all the same, and too fast to count.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=133489&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=79618&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=102042&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=42861&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In the next installment in this series, we&#8217;ll look at some ways to combine and extend this vocabulary to cover almost any type of bird sound pattern.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the last post, I covered the five basic pitch patterns, introducing some vocabulary to help distinguish between different types of individual notes.  Today I&#8217;m going to introduce some vocabulary to help distinguish between different types of groups of notes &#8212; that is, different types of songs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[185,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-describing-sounds","category-spectrograms"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4598"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4603,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4598\/revisions\/4603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}