{"id":4606,"date":"2013-10-30T22:01:58","date_gmt":"2013-10-31T04:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=4606"},"modified":"2013-10-30T22:01:58","modified_gmt":"2013-10-31T04:01:58","slug":"changes-in-speed-and-pitch-and-multi-noted-series","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4606","title":{"rendered":"Changes in Speed and Pitch, and Multi-noted Series"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Now that we&#8217;ve looked at the <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4585\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4585\" target=\"_blank\">five basic pitch patterns<\/a> and the <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4598\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4598\" target=\"_blank\">four basic song patterns<\/a>, let&#8217;s explore a couple of ways to extend and combine the vocabulary we&#8217;ve learned.<\/p>\n<h4>Changes in speed<\/h4>\n<p>One of the basic questions we ask of any bird sound is, &#8220;are the notes slow enough to count, or too fast to count&#8221;?\u00a0 Sometimes, the answer is <strong>both<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Some bird sounds change in speed. If the elements in a series are more closely spaced on the spectrogram as you move from left to right, then they are growing more closely spaced in time, which means that the series <strong>accelerates<\/strong>. If the elements grow farther apart, the series <strong>decelerates<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinspeed.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4608\" title=\"changesinspeed\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinspeed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"569\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinspeed.jpg 569w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinspeed-300x80.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinspeed-150x40.jpg 150w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinspeed-400x107.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Here are a couple of examples. The song of the Wrentit is a series of notes that accelerates into a trill, while the drum of a Yellow-bellied Sapsucker starts as a trill of tapping notes, and slows into a series.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=105749&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=137670&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Changes in pitch<\/h4>\n<p>Phrases, series, warbles, and trills can also change in pitch. For example, a warble might sound upslurred if it shows an overall trend towards higher notes. Similarly, a series might fall in pitch if each note starts slightly lower than the last, even though each individual note may be upslurred.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinpitch.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4607\" title=\"changesinpitch\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinpitch.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"565\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinpitch.jpg 565w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinpitch-300x90.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinpitch-150x45.jpg 150w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/changesinpitch-400x120.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nOverslurred series are quite common among bird sounds. Here are two examples:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=43683&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=132410&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Changes in both speed and pitch<\/h4>\n<p>Many sounds change in speed and pitch at the same time. A quick glance at the spectrogram of the Sora&#8217;s whinny shows us that it&#8217;s an <strong>overslurred, decelerating series with an early peak<\/strong>:<br \/>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=141679&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><br \/>\nHere&#8217;s a <strong>decelerating, downslurred series of upslurred whistles<\/strong>:<br \/>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=11637&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><br \/>\nAnd here&#8217;s a <strong>phrase accelerating into an upslurred warble<\/strong>:<br \/>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=152971&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Multi-noted Series<\/h4>\n<p>Sometimes the repeated elements in a series may themselves consist of multiple notes. A two-noted series sounds like a two-syllabled word repeated, such as \u201cpeter peter peter;\u201d a three-noted series, like a three-syllable word repeated, such as \u201cteakettle teakettle teakettle.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/multi-notedseries1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4617\" title=\"multi-notedseries\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/multi-notedseries1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"565\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/multi-notedseries1.jpg 565w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/multi-notedseries1-300x88.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/multi-notedseries1-150x44.jpg 150w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/multi-notedseries1-400x117.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Examples of two-noted series<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=15185&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=142334&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=102212&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=59137&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Examples of three-noted series<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=56415&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=86758&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=12123&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=148722&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Yes, there are four-noted series too<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=103539&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=59154&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=33595&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>With the basic vocabulary that I&#8217;ve introduced in these three posts, we can describe the <em>pattern<\/em> of almost any bird sound.\u00a0 But there&#8217;s more to bird sounds than just pattern.\u00a0 Stay tuned for the next installment in the series.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Now that we&#8217;ve looked at the five basic pitch patterns and the four basic song patterns, let&#8217;s explore a couple of ways to extend and combine the vocabulary we&#8217;ve learned.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[185,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-describing-sounds","category-spectrograms"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4606"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4627,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4606\/revisions\/4627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}