{"id":4885,"date":"2015-03-09T10:25:07","date_gmt":"2015-03-09T16:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=4885"},"modified":"2015-06-07T20:18:22","modified_gmt":"2015-06-08T02:18:22","slug":"do-bushtits-sing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/4885","title":{"rendered":"Do Bushtits Sing?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>(Guest post by <a title=\"mailto:tfloyd@aba.org\" href=\"mailto:tfloyd@aba.org\" target=\"_blank\">Ted Floyd<\/a>, editor of Birding magazine and bird sound enthusiast)<\/h5>\n<p>Fish swim, snakes slither, songbirds sing. Okay, some songbirds\u2019 songs aren\u2019t especially songful: The <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/176253\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/176253\" target=\"_blank\">\u201csong\u201d of the Cactus Wren<\/a> sounds like an old car starting up, for example, and the <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/77782\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/77782\" target=\"_blank\">\u201csong\u201d of the Yellow-headed Blackbird<\/a> sounds like someone being strangulated. Nevertheless, the chugging of the wren and the tormented gasping of the blackbird qualify as song, pretty much any ornithologist will tell you.<\/p>\n<p>But some songbirds actually are believed <em>not<\/em> to sing. Probably the best known example in the U.S. is the Cedar Waxwing. Oh, they\u2019re plenty noisy, flocks of them <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/65794\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/65794\" target=\"_blank\">trilling and lisping and wheezing<\/a> their way from tree to tree. But they don\u2019t actually sing, it is said. I can see why. I mean, they\u2019re so over-the-top gorgeous, with their waxy wingtips, wispy crests, and just general, well, gorgeousness. One look at a Cedar Waxwing, and it\u2019s love at first sight\u2014whether you\u2019re a human or a waxwing. No need for song.<\/p>\n<p>Less well known is that Bushtits are said not to sing. Like waxwings, Bushtits roam about in noisy flocks. But they\u2019re drab, they\u2019re tiny, they\u2019re not as widespread in the U.S. as Cedar Waxwings, and much of their range comprises hot, arid, rocky, low-diversity shrublands eschewed by many birders. Out of sight (and out of earshot), out of mind.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.0pt;\">O<\/span><\/b>f late, I\u2019ve had occasion to question the conventional wisdom that Bushtits do not sing. Here\u2019s the deal: In just the past couple years, Bushtits have invaded my suburban neighborhood near Denver, Colorado. Suddenly, Bushtits are everywhere. There\u2019s a certain novelty for me about seeing and hearing Bushtits. I find myself paying special attention to Bushtits.<\/p>\n<p>In particular, I\u2019ve noticed that one Bushtit vocalization\u2014a short, high-pitched trill\u2014tends to be given by solitary birds or by birds in pairs. Yes, this vocalization can be heard from birds in large flocks and at any time of the year; in the same way, the <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/167986\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/167986\" target=\"_blank\">Red-winged Blackbird\u2019s classic song<\/a> may be heard in huge roosts on the wintering grounds. I can see from my field notes, as well as from my comments posted to Xeno-Canto, that I\u2019ve been wondering for a while if this short, high-pitched trill functions as the song of the supposedly songless Bushtit. And I had an experience the other day that really got me thinking.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.0pt;\">F<\/span><\/b>riday, March 6, 2015, was the first sort-of warm day we\u2019d had around here in a while. Even through my closed window, I could hear House Finches singing their <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/177292\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/177292\" target=\"_blank\">twangy warbles<\/a> and collared-doves chanting <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/11632\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/11632\" target=\"_blank\">\u201ceighteen\u201d in Greek<\/a>. (Every wondered why they\u2019re called <em>decaocto<\/em>?) I could also hear the trilling of a Bushtit, so I went outside to investigate. A Bushtit was teed up on a branch in my yard, vocalizing away. I went back into the house, got my recorder, and came back outside again. The bird was still at the same perch and still vocalizing, and I recorded it. Then I did something absurd.<\/p>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=215759&#038;amp;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4887\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4887\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Do-Bushtits-Sings-04-Bushtit.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4887\" alt=\"The male Bushtit apparently singing, Boulder County, CO, 3\/6\/2015. Photo by Ted Floyd\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Do-Bushtits-Sings-04-Bushtit-300x220.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Do-Bushtits-Sings-04-Bushtit-300x220.png 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Do-Bushtits-Sings-04-Bushtit-150x110.png 150w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Do-Bushtits-Sings-04-Bushtit-400x294.png 400w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Do-Bushtits-Sings-04-Bushtit.png 961w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4887\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The male Bushtit apparently singing, Boulder County, CO, 3\/6\/2015. Photo by Ted Floyd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I went back inside, looked for my scope, and looked for my cell phone. I found them, gathered them up, and went back outside. The Bushtit was still there, still vocalizing. I set up the scope, fired up the phone, fiddled with various settings, and got a bunch of photos. That\u2019s absurd! Bushtits aren\u2019t supposed to stay put for ten minutes, as this bird did. They\u2019re not supposed to stay put for ten milliseconds.<\/p>\n<p>But this guy (confirmed as a male by the digiscoped images) was at his perch, teed up, constantly giving the same vocalization. And when I reviewed the soundfiles, I saw something I hadn\u2019t consciously noted while with the bird in real life: Another Bushtit, quite some distance away, was counter-vocalizing with the bird in my yard.<\/p>\n<p>So we\u2019ve got a bird perched for ten-plus minutes, delivering the same vocalization over and over again; the bird\u2019s a male; it\u2019s a sunny and sort-of warm morning in early spring; and another bird is dueting with it. If these were cardinals or chickadees, we\u2019d unquestioningly say they were singing.<\/p>\n<p>But were the Bushtits \u201creally\u201d singing?<\/p>\n<p>The literature says Bushtits don\u2019t sing. I checked <a title=\"http:\/\/bna.birds.cornell.edu\/bna\/species\/598\/articles\/introduction\" href=\"http:\/\/bna.birds.cornell.edu\/bna\/species\/598\/articles\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\">Sarah A. Sloane\u2019s BNA account<\/a> [subscription required], which states: \u201cThere is no song in the usual sense. The closest Bushtits get to a song is the somewhat musical, but apparently unstructured, \u2018twitterings\u2019 given by many individuals simultaneously when in a close group.\u201d The sprawling <a title=\"http:\/\/www.birdzilla.com\/birds\/bushtit\/bent-life-history.html\" href=\"http:\/\/www.birdzilla.com\/birds\/bushtit\/bent-life-history.html\" target=\"_blank\">account by Arthur Cleveland Bent<\/a> doesn\u2019t treat song, best I can tell. And a detailed <a title=\"http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/Grinnell-Condor\" href=\"http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/Grinnell-Condor\" target=\"_blank\">1903 treatise by Joseph Grinnell<\/a> likewise contains no mention of song.<\/p>\n<p>Were the Bushtits \u201creally\u201d singing? I think we need first to address another question: What is birdsong? Immediately, I\u2019m reminded of the famous quip by U.S. Supreme Court justice Potter Stewart: \u201cI know it when I see it.\u201d (Or, in the case of birdsong, hear it.) That\u2019s good enough for jurisprudence perhaps, but inadequate for biology. David A. Spector took up the matter in a 1994 paper in the <em>Journal of Theoretical Biology<\/em>: \u201cDefinition in Biology: The Case of \u2018Bird Song.\u2019 \u201d The problem is that different authorities have different definitions, many of them intrinsically circular.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.0pt;\">I<\/span><\/b>\u2019m a scientist by training, but more a philosopher by temperament. I get it, at a scientific level, that the matter of song in the Bushtit is unresolved. It remains to be proved that the male Bushtit\u2019s short, high trill functions as song. I\u2019ve stated a hypothesis; now someone needs to go out and test it.<\/p>\n<p>But I\u2019m temperamentally a philosopher, I said, and I can\u2019t resist ending on that note. The morning after my encounter with the provisionally singing Bushtits, I came upon a Black-capped Chickadee up on a branch. The bird was vocalizing. So was another chickadee, farther away. I made a quick-and-dirty recording; you can clearly hear one bird and sort of hear the other bird, and they\u2019re inarguably singing\u2014singing one of the best known and most beloved songs of any bird in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>Weren\u2019t the Bushtits doing the same thing?<\/p>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=216075&#038;amp;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Of late, I\u2019ve had occasion to question the conventional wisdom that Bushtits do not sing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[358,359],"class_list":["post-4885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-behavior","tag-bushtit","tag-psaltriparus-minimus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4885"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4934,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4885\/revisions\/4934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}