{"id":826,"date":"2009-10-15T20:00:40","date_gmt":"2009-10-16T02:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=826"},"modified":"2016-11-25T08:48:02","modified_gmt":"2016-11-25T14:48:02","slug":"pacific-wren-part-two","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/826","title":{"rendered":"Pacific Wren, Part Two"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It was a wet and foggy day in April.\u00a0 I was standing in a damp little nook in dense woods, long before the first leaves would even think about opening, weeks before most migrating birds would get within a thousand miles of southeast South Dakota, listening to a cascade of musical notes that seemed like it would never end.\u00a0 It was echoing off the trees and the mossy banks, coming from somewhere tantalizingly close &#8212; but from exactly where, I couldn&#8217;t for the life of me figure out.\u00a0 After I stood there for perhaps ten minutes, I finally spotted it: a tiny brown bird singing from a pile of leafless brush, fifteen feet in front of me in plain sight.\u00a0 My first Winter Wren.<\/p>\n<p>By some strange coincidence, the details of that experience almost perfectly match the details of my first encounter with Pacific Wren, when, on another wet and foggy day in April, I spent another ten minutes trying to find the amazing vocalist hidden among the dense, damp vegetation, this time on the slopes of Skinner Butte in Eugene, Oregon.\u00a0 At the time I had little idea I was seeing a different bird than the one I knew from the east.\u00a0 The song was familiar, or so I thought &#8212; unmistakable, really.<\/p>\n<p>To this day, in the field, I have some difficulty separating the songs of the two forms (which may be <a title=\"http:\/\/www.aou.org\/committees\/nacc\/proposals\/2009-A.pdf\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aou.org\/committees\/nacc\/proposals\/2009-A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">separate species soon<\/a>, for those of you just tuning in).\u00a0 Both are remarkable vocalists, with long-running musical strings of jumbled high-pitched notes and trills:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_828\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-828\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-828\" title=\"wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27.jpg\" alt=\"Winter Wren song, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, 20 June 2008. Recording by Andrew Spencer.\" width=\"900\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27.jpg 900w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27-300x66.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-828\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winter Wren song, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, 20 June 2008. Recording by Andrew Spencer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-826-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27.mp3\">http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ajs-2008-06-20-t27.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<figure id=\"attachment_829\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-829\" style=\"width: 585px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-829\" title=\"wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62.jpg\" alt=\"Pacific Wren song, Humboldt County, California, 28 March 2009.\" width=\"585\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62.jpg 585w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62-300x102.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-829\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Wren song, Humboldt County, California, 28 March 2009.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-826-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62.mp3\">http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/wiwrs1str-ndp2009-08-62.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>It&#8217;s not as easy as separating them by call, but with practice, Winter and Pacific Wrens are usually distinguishable by song.\u00a0 Here are some points to consider:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First of all, in the above examples, don&#8217;t let the shorter Pacific song fool you.\u00a0 Strophe length is variable in both forms, and Pacific&#8217;s songs may actually average longer than Winter&#8217;s.\u00a0 Pay no attention to duration!<\/li>\n<li>Although I can&#8217;t vouch for this across the board, the sample I&#8217;ve studied strongly suggests that Pacific Wren tends to sing with more trills given closer together, so that the song is composed of &gt;50% trills, while Winter Wren tends to sing with longer jumbles of individual notes and fewer trills more widely spaced, so that the total song consists of &lt;50% trills.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tone quality is key.<\/strong> Many people consider the song of Pacific to be &#8220;drier,&#8221; or, in the words of Sibley, &#8220;more mechanical-sounding&#8221; and &#8220;buzzy&#8221; with &#8220;hard trills.&#8221;\u00a0 The difference is one of <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/specs\/musicality\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/specs\/musicality\" target=\"_blank\">musicality<\/a>.\u00a0 To my ear Pacific&#8217;s song sounds higher-pitched, but you&#8217;ll note on the spectrograms that the maximum and minimum frequencies of both songs are almost exactly the same.\u00a0 The difference is that Winter Wren shows very little frequency change <em>within individual notes<\/em> (with the trills usually clustered at the bottom of the song), while almost every one of Pacific Wren&#8217;s individual notes sweeps from below 4 kHz to about 8.\u00a0 Thus the difference is roughly equivalent to the difference we saw between the songs of <a title=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/specs\/musicality#acceleration\" href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/specs\/musicality#acceleration\" target=\"_blank\">Field Sparrow and Black-chinned Sparrow<\/a>.\u00a0 The Pacific Wren&#8217;s notes, especially its trills, are less musical because they are changing pitch too rapidly.\u00a0 Practically every single one of the Winter Wren&#8217;s notes has a bell-like, musical quality, but the Pacific Wren has a much lower percentage of musical notes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A good way to think of the difference in tone quality is to listen for the trills inside the wren songs and compare them in your head to the the <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=13878\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=13878\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;classic&#8221; song of Dark-eyed Junco<\/a> and the <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=12579\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=12579\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;classic&#8221; song of Chipping Sparrow<\/a> (which are, of course, themselves often difficult to separate by ear).\u00a0 The Winter Wren tends to have the more musical, junco-like trills, while the Pacific Wren often trends towards an unmusical, Chipping Sparrow-like (or even <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=13816\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/recording.php?XC=13816\" target=\"_blank\">Brewer&#8217;s Sparrow-like<\/a>) lisping rattle.<\/p>\n<p>Song delivery also differs, although this can be difficult to ascertain unless you have a great auditory memory.\u00a0 Winter Wren males have only a few stereotyped songs in their repertoire; successive strophes of song are almost always identical.\u00a0 Pacific Wren males sing with far more songtypes, and they also recombine their songs &#8212; the <em>beginning <\/em>notes of successive strophes are frequently identical, but the endings vary widely.<\/p>\n<p>For more practice, and to hear some more of these fantastic bird songs, head over to <a title=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/browse.php?query=winter+troglodytes\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/browse.php?query=winter+troglodytes\" target=\"_blank\">Xeno Canto&#8217;s Winter\/Pacific Wren collection<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It was a wet and foggy day in April.  I was standing in a damp little nook in dense woods, long before the first leaves would even think about opening, weeks before most migrating birds would get within a thousand miles of southeast South Dakota, listening to a cascade of musical notes that seemed like it would never end.  It was echoing off the trees and the mossy banks, coming from somewhere tantalizingly close &#8212; but from exactly where, I couldn&#8217;t for the life of me figure out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,16],"tags":[71,72,70,69],"class_list":["post-826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-id","category-taxonomy","tag-pacific-wren","tag-troglodytes-pacificus","tag-troglodytes-troglodytes","tag-winter-wren"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=826"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5097,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/826\/revisions\/5097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}