{"id":982,"date":"2009-10-31T11:24:03","date_gmt":"2009-10-31T17:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=982"},"modified":"2009-10-31T11:24:03","modified_gmt":"2009-10-31T17:24:03","slug":"a-hybrid-nighthawk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/982","title":{"rendered":"A Hybrid Nighthawk?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>While going through the Macaulay Library&#8217;s collection of Common Nighthawk vocalizations, I came upon something strange: a recording of what might be a hybrid Common x Antillean Nighthawk from south Florida.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s some background.\u00a0 In the early sixties, Charles A. Sutherland studied the breeding biology of nighthawks on Key Largo, Florida.\u00a0 He made observations and audio recordings of both taxa breeding there: <em>Chordeiles minor chapmani<\/em> and the very different-sounding <em>C. m. vicinus<\/em>, which was not yet recognized as belonging to a separate species (and wouldn&#8217;t be until the early eighties, when the AOU would cite vocal differences and sympatric breeding in creating <em>Chordeiles gundlachii<\/em>, the Antillean Nighthawk).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-985\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/coni_oldenettel.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-985\" title=\"coni_oldenettel\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/coni_oldenettel-300x162.jpg\" alt=\"Common Nighthawk, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, 6\/10\/2008. Photo by Jerry Oldenettel (Creative Commons 2.0).\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/coni_oldenettel-300x162.jpg 300w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/coni_oldenettel.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Common Nighthawk, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, 6\/10\/2008. Photo by Jerry Oldenettel (Creative Commons 2.0).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sutherland wrote up his findings in a 1963 article in Living Bird that remains perhaps the best source published to date on Common Nighthawk vocalizations.\u00a0 Unfortunately, he excluded the Antillean birds from his discussion.\u00a0 On the other hand, he did donate his recordings to Cornell, and now they can be heard online at the <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/index.do\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/index.do\" target=\"_blank\">Macaulay Library&#8217;s website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Sutherland&#8217;s recordings are noteworthy on many levels.\u00a0 For one thing, since he was in the area of sympatry, they often capture the calls of both nighthawk species at once.\u00a0 For another, Sutherland managed to record many rarely-heard vocalizations, such as <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/4998\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/4998\" target=\"_blank\">begging calls of nestling Common Nighthawks<\/a>, <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/4987\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/4987\" target=\"_blank\">distraction displays by a female Antillean<\/a>, and the <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5902\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5902\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;pik pik pik&#8221; notes<\/a> given by Commons in aerial chases.<\/p>\n<p>In the vocal notes on his recordings, Sutherland often referred to the Antillean Nighthawks as the &#8220;pi-ti-mi-dick&#8221; birds, after the distinctive rhythm of their calls.\u00a0 There is one individual, however, that he refers to as &#8220;the improper <em>pit-i-mi-dick<\/em> bird,&#8221; apparently because the thought its call didn&#8217;t sound quite right for an Antillean Nighthawk.\u00a0 You can hear this bird on <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5904\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5904\" target=\"_blank\">Macaulay Library cut 5904<\/a>.\u00a0 It used to be classified as a Common Nighthawk, but as of this writing Macaulay&#8217;s got it labeled as an Antillean, and it&#8217;s certainly a confusing bird.\u00a0 Here are a couple of spectrograms:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-992\" title=\"anni-lns-5904-1\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-1.jpg\" alt=\"anni-lns-5904-1\" width=\"440\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-1.jpg 440w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-1-300x124.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-993\" title=\"anni-lns-5904-2\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-2.jpg\" alt=\"anni-lns-5904-2\" width=\"440\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-2.jpg 440w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-2-300x124.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-994\" title=\"anni-lns-5904-5\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-5.jpg\" alt=\"anni-lns-5904-5\" width=\"440\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-5.jpg 440w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5904-5-300x124.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To listen to the bird, click <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5904\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5904\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Note that the bird gives a mix of short &#8220;pik&#8221; notes (the vertical lines on the spectrogram) and Common Nighthawk-like &#8220;peent&#8221; notes (the thicker blotches).\u00a0 By themselves, both of these elements suggest Common Nighthawk, as that species gives both calls.\u00a0 However, what seems odd is that the &#8220;piks&#8221; and the &#8220;peents&#8221; usually seem to merge into one, &#8220;pik pik pikpeent,&#8221; so that the typical rhythm ends up echoing that of the stereotypical chicken vocalization: &#8220;buk buk bukKAW.&#8221;\u00a0 By going through every recording labeled &#8220;Common Nighthawk,&#8221; I located nine cuts that included the &#8220;pik&#8221; call [<a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/4985\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/4985\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5902\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5902\" target=\"_blank\">2<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5906\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5906\" target=\"_blank\">3<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5907\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5907\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5908\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5908\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5918\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5918\" target=\"_blank\">6<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/49765\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/49765\" target=\"_blank\">7<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/107668\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/107668\" target=\"_blank\">8<\/a> <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/129062\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/129062\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a>], usually alongside the &#8220;peent,&#8221; but none of them contain anything like this combination rhythm.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a typical Antillean Nighthawk call for comparison.\u00a0 It&#8217;s giving a relatively stereotyped &#8220;pit-i-mi-dick&#8221; of 2-6 notes in slightly decelerating series, the first element slightly longer than the others:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_995\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-995\" style=\"width: 440px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5903-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-995\" title=\"anni-lns-5903-1\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5903-1.jpg\" alt=\"Typical Antillean Nighthawk call, Key Largo, Florida, 6\/8\/1962. Recording by Charles Sutherland. Macaulay Library #5903.\" width=\"440\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5903-1.jpg 440w, http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/anni-lns-5903-1-300x124.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-995\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Typical Antillean Nighthawk call, Key Largo, Florida, 6\/8\/1962. Recording by Charles Sutherland. Macaulay Library #5903.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>(click <a title=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5903\" href=\"http:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/audio\/5903\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a> to hear the bird)<\/p>\n<p>As far as I know, Antillean Nighthawks do not give long series of individual &#8220;pik&#8221; notes like Common Nighthawks do, but I&#8217;d be interested to hear from anyone whose experience suggests otherwise.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, the &#8220;improper pit-i-mi-dick&#8221; bird is quite different from an Antillean.\u00a0 It may simply be a Common Nighthawk who is stumbling repeatedly over his words.\u00a0 But it sounds suspiciously odd to me, and given that it comes from the area of sympatry, a hybrid seems quite plausible.\u00a0 Interestingly, Sutherland mentions in his vocal notes that the call of this individual is not accompanied by the rapid flutter of wings that usually accompanies the primary call in both Common and Antillean Nighthawks.\u00a0 Who knows what significance that fact may have?<\/p>\n<p>Comments?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While going through the Macaulay Library&#8217;s collection of Common Nighthawk vocalizations, I came upon something strange: a recording of what might be a hybrid Common x Antillean Nighthawk from south Florida.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,4],"tags":[86,87,85,84],"class_list":["post-982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hybrid-birds","category-id","tag-antillean-nighthawk","tag-chordeiles-gundlachii","tag-chordeiles-minor","tag-common-nighthawk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=982"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1000,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/982\/revisions\/1000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}