{"id":3474,"date":"2011-12-31T21:06:08","date_gmt":"2012-01-01T03:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/?p=3474"},"modified":"2011-12-31T21:06:08","modified_gmt":"2012-01-01T03:06:08","slug":"the-gargling-chickadees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/archives\/3474","title":{"rendered":"The Gargling Chickadees"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3475\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3475\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/deadmike\/5193786336\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3475 \" title=\"CBCH_photo\" src=\"http:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/CBCH_photo-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/CBCH_photo-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/CBCH_photo.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3475\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chestnut-backed Chickadee, Vancouver, BC, 11\/20\/2010. Photo by Sean McCann (Creative Commons 2.0).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What do chickadees sound like?\u00a0 Why, everybody knows they say &#8220;chick-a-dee-dee-dee,&#8221; of course.<\/p>\n<div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=51770&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p>These &#8220;chick-a-dee-dee-dees&#8221; are what many people (and many books) describe as the &#8220;calls&#8221; &#8212; not to be confused with the &#8220;songs,&#8221; which are usually understood to be the high clear whistled tunes sung by males in a territorial mood:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=31292&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=15183&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>All chickadee species give &#8220;chick-a-dee&#8221; calls, but only three of them &#8212; Black-capped, Carolina, and Mountain\u00a0 &#8212; have whistled songs.\u00a0 Since these three species are the most widespread and familiar North American chickadees, many people tend to judge other chickadees by their standard.\u00a0 &#8220;Lacks whistled song,&#8221; many field guides say of Mexican, Chestnut-backed, Boreal, and Gray-headed Chickadees.\u00a0 &#8220;No song,&#8221; say others, or simply &#8220;song unknown.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But the many researchers who have studied chickadee vocalizations for decades might disagree.\u00a0 As far back as 1981, <a title=\"http:\/\/elibrary.unm.edu\/sora\/Condor\/files\/issues\/v083n04\/p0384-p0386.pdf\" href=\"http:\/\/elibrary.unm.edu\/sora\/Condor\/files\/issues\/v083n04\/p0384-p0386.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Millicent Ficken pointed out<\/a> that an often-overlooked chickadee vocalization called the <strong>gargle<\/strong> may actually fulfill more of the traditional &#8220;song&#8221; functions than the whistled songs.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike whistled songs, <strong>gargles can be heard from all North American chickadee species<\/strong>.\u00a0 Like traditional songs, gargles are learned; Ficken notes that captive Black-capped Chickadee hatchlings do not develop proper gargles in the absence of an adult tutor. \u00a0 Individual birds typically produce several different types of gargles, forming a repertoire.\u00a0 In most or all species, the gargles are given primarily by males and\u00a0 associated with dominance establishment and territorial defense.\u00a0 They are extremely complex, being made up of many different note types, often with trills and repeated motifs.<\/p>\n<p>For all these reasons, in the species that don&#8217;t also whistle, the gargles can be considered &#8220;the song&#8221;:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=92190&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=3985&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=21124&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=59168&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Although some field guides may frame them as the outliers, the chickadee species above are not the unusual ones when it comes to the traditional song\/call distinction.\u00a0 <strong>It&#8217;s the whistling chickadees that are unusual, because they have <em>two different kinds of songs<\/em><\/strong> &#8212; not only whistles, but gargles as well:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=42956&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=16900&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=70682&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"iframe-wrapper\">\n  <iframe src=\"http:\/\/www.xeno-canto.org\/embed.php?XC=71778&#038;simple=0\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:220px;width:400px;\">Please upgrade your browser<\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The whistling chickadees are a perfect example of how the original &#8220;song\/call&#8221; distinction fails to hold up in many species.\u00a0 Not only can the whistle and the gargle both be called &#8220;songs,&#8221; but even the &#8220;chick-a-dee&#8221; calls could be considered songs by some criteria.\u00a0 We should always be suspicious of the many generalizations about birds that we draw from the most common, widespread, and familiar species &#8212; remember, they may be the unusual ones.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All chickadee species give &#8220;chick-a-dee&#8221; calls, but only three of them &#8212; Black-capped, Carolina, and Mountain  &#8212; have whistled songs.  An often-overlooked chickadee vocalization called the gargle may actually fulfill more of the traditional &#8220;song&#8221; functions than the whistled songs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[241,246,145,244,242,186,148,146,187,247,245,243],"class_list":["post-3474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-behavior","tag-black-capped-chic-kadee","tag-boreal-chickadee","tag-carolina-chickadee","tag-chestnut-backed-chickadee","tag-mexican-chickadee","tag-mountain-chickadee","tag-poecile-atricapillus","tag-poecile-carolinensis","tag-poecile-gambeli","tag-poecile-hudsonicus","tag-poecile-rufescens","tag-poecile-sclateri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3474"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3510,"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3474\/revisions\/3510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/earbirding.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}